論文英文摘要怎麼寫

English Abstract and Keywords Breathe in life are no longer unusual for normal motion, and breathing or panting通俗地說more for the purpose are necessary and sufficient to itch and purifying the blood and put the blood into the lungs breath air action or procedures, as well as the subsequent breath. Similarly, the breathing in Singing is also a normal and usual action can no longer, but the singing of breath and breathing life is different from singing for a very important role. Singing breathing, there are divergent views can not see because of flavor or touched, we can only be understood from the feeling on. Singing in the respiratory conservation and efficient use must follow the principle that the respiratory control. To learn how to control breathing and respiratory control rather than singers. Breathing singing good or bad directly affects the whole. Breathing from the living, but with the life of the great difference between breathing, therefore, to breathe for singing are the cause must be part of their training at the same time, is also singing the foundation can continue. Key words: singing breathing; respiratory applications; control; art songs; arias。

Local the Party paper as major media of locality , transmit party and country , Party committee of a higher level , voice of government, transmit local Party Committee and government specially in the Central Party Committee of implementation , the Party committee of a higher level and government's great principles and policies concrete measure, there are guidance and authoritativeness that other medias can't compare , so often become the focus that local audiences pay close attention to. But enter after the socialist market economy, journalism structure of our country take place a obvious one, enough to influence local the Party paper change , news report of result. Journalism has already developed into much varieties taking the Party paper as the centre, multi-level three-dimensional structure from a structure of party's declaration form, the newspaper in evening paper , city newspaper , life newspaper , specialized newspaper ,etc. doubles and redoubles, the network, this kind of new combining a large amount of transmission information fast of media of short information of cell phone at the same time, the foreign media enters the native country and seizes the market of native country. This kind of change and growth make audiences choose the information channel of the news to increase, the degree of freedom increases day by day. So local the Party paper irreplaceable status , news of information issue receive the severe challenge. So how strengthen local key competitiveness of the Party paper new period, become we want problem that solve urgently. Focus on this question to describe from content , form of the news report , journalists , reader's marriage partner and these five respects of market mechanism of the news report, is it can prove our country now local state of development of the Party paper and predicament that run into and for strengthen key competitiveness should what kind of efforts does it make to expect. Keyword: Local the Party paper; Core; Competitiveness ; Market; Readability; Affinity。

And the financial report, usually with a specific reporting period as a time limit. However, the financial situation of enterprises dynamic, and often in the accounting information and the date of approval of the statements by the disclosure of accounting information and Japan. This will require the enterprises accounting for the preparation of reports and the date of collection of information between the date, there may affect the reporting period of the balance sheet "for the future", a detailed note. How to determine the balance sheet in the future is a matter of adjusting or non-adjusting events, the use of the balance sheet date of the key criteria. The thesis of the concept of the future, covering the period starting, focusing on issues of adjustment and the difference between non-adjusting. Specific issues discussed adjusted and non-adjusted for their respective definitions and characteristics, as well as their handling principles and specific accounting methods, and the corresponding list of the relevant examples. Finally from the old and new to the balance sheet date of the difference in criteria for the adjustment of the non-adjustment issues and matters specific analysis on the new guidelines adjusting and adjusting their non-defined and the scope of changes, and analyzed the new guidelines strengths and weaknesses, and the balance sheet for future issues guidelines provide users a certain amount of information and help.。

Agricultural product Electronic Commerce is that the turn out referring to in the agricultural product processes and matches the technology giving Electronic Commerce selling all-round process middle leading-in system , making use of an information network , carry out the information announcing and collect on the net, rely on the system producing the base and the logistics distribution at the same time, process accomplishing the product or the business such as buying , selling with the electron payment serving on the net. Here agricultural product includes broad sense agriculture product and their elementary treating product. Agricultural product Electronic Commerce has been one kind of brand-new business affairs activity pattern , its make full use of Internet nature easy to use , broad region nature and intercommunication, have realized network-rization rapidly reliable business affairs information exchange and business business. The new model camp the main body of a book is gathered having brought forward a kind of announcing the catalog and Internet and community member store joining in the network triple-in-one sells a pattern , structures one net called "agriculture special local product Electronic Commerce joining in the chain " commerce project , writes with commerce prospectus form , strives for this project having true feasibility。

The word euphemism Euphemism is Greek, comes from the Greek prefix eu=well and root pheme=speaking. Euphemism is rather a social linguistic phenomenon, be inferior to saying is a kind of cultural phenomenon. Language is the carrier of thought, is the epitome of social culture. As a language tool, euphemism is rich in cultural connotations, carrying the social structure, the national psychology, religious culture and other aspects of a nation. However, Chinese and English belong to two completely different style of the language, its background, culture, customs and other aspects of thinking, there exist various differences. Therefore, in both English and Chinese Euphemisms in also exist certain differences.

Euphemism is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon. There are two English language in a large number of euphemism, because of differences between Chinese and Western culture, so Chinese and English euphemism as a kind of cultural phenomenon also show some differences. In recent years, there are many angles and many domestic and foreign scholars from linguistics, culture, rhetoric of the related research on euphemism. Death euphemism as an organic component of euphemism, has received extensive attention. English and Chinese Euphemism of death in many aspects such as culture, history, there are similarities and differences points. In this paper, through the comparative study of English and Chinese Euphemism of death is certain, the language features of English and Chinese euphemism and death and the representation of culture have a better understanding of the. The contents of this paper are as follows: the first part mainly introduces the definition, function of euphemism; the second part focuses on the analysis of the similarities and differences between Chinese and western of death euphemism, and the deep-seated reasons of the similarities and differences; the third part has carried on the summary to the full text.

1.摘要的作用 摘要也就是內容提要，是論文中不可缺少的一部分.論文摘要是一篇具有獨立性的短文，有其特別的地方.它是建立在對論文進行總結的基礎之上，用簡單、明確、易懂、精闢的語言對全文內容加以概括，留主幹去枝葉，提取論文的主要信息.作者的觀點、論文的主要內容、研究成果、獨到的見解，這些都應該在摘要中體現出來.好的摘要便於索引與查找，易於收錄到大型資料庫中併爲他人提供信息.因此摘要在資料交流方面承擔着至關重要的作用.2.書寫摘要的基本規範和原則 （1）論文摘要分爲中文摘要和外文（一般爲英文）摘要.摘要在篇幅方面的限定，不同的學校和機構有不同的要求，通常中文摘要不超過300字，英文摘要不超過250個實詞，中英文摘要應一致.畢業論文摘要可適當增加篇幅.（2）多向指導教師請教，並根據提供的意見及時修改，以期達到更高水平.（3）摘要是完整的短文，具有獨立性，可以單獨使用.即使不看論文全文的內容，仍然可以理解論文的主要內容、作者的新觀點和想法、課題所要實現的目的、採取的方法、研究的結果與結論.（4）敘述完整，突出邏輯性，短文結構要合理.（5）要求文字簡明扼要，不容贅言，提取重要內容，不含前言、背景等細節部分，去掉舊結論、原始數據，不加評論和註釋.採用直接表述的方法，刪除不必要的文學修飾.摘要中不應包括作者將來的計劃以及與此課題無關的內容，做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量.（6）摘要中不使用特殊字符，也不使用圖表和化學結構式，以及由特殊字符組成的數學表達式，不列舉例證.3.摘要的四要素 目的、方法、結果和結論稱爲摘要的四要素.（1）目的：指出研究的範圍、目的、重要性、任務和前提條件，不是主題的簡單重複.（2）方法：簡述課題的工作流程，研究了哪些主要內容，在這個過程中都做了哪些工作，包括對象、原理、條件、程序、手段等.（3）結果：陳述研究之後重要的新發現、新成果及價值，包括通過調研、實驗、觀察取得的數據和結果，並剖析其不理想的侷限部分.（4）結論：通過對這個課題的研究所得出的重要結論，包括從中取得證實的正確觀點，進行分析研究，比較預測其在實際生活中運用的意義，理論與實際相結合的價值.4.撰寫步驟 摘要作爲一種特殊的陳述性短文，書寫的步驟也與普通類型的文章有所不同.摘要的寫作時間通常在論文的完成之後，但也可以採用提早寫的方式，然後再邊寫論文邊修改摘要.首先，從摘要的四要素出發，通讀論文全文，仔細將文中的重要內容一一列出，特別是每段的主題句和論文結尾的歸納總結，保留梗概與精華部分，提取用於編寫摘要的關鍵信息.然後，看這些信息能否完全、準確的回答摘要的四要素所涉及的問題，並要求語句精煉.若不足以回答這些問題，則重新閱讀論文，摘錄相應的內容進行補充.最後，將這些零散信息，組成符合語法規則和邏輯規則的完整句子，再進一步組成通暢的短文，通讀此短文，反覆修改，達到摘要的要求.5.關於英文摘要 （1）英文摘要的寫作方法要依據公認的寫作規範.（2）儘量使用簡單句，避免句型單調，表達要求準確完整.（3）正確使用冠詞.（4）使用標準英語書寫，避免使用口語，應使用易於理解的常用詞，不用生僻詞彙.（5）作者所做工作用過去時，結論用現在時.（6）多使用主動語態.6.關鍵詞 關鍵詞是爲了文獻標引工作從報告、論文中選出來用以表示全文主題內容信息目的單詞術語.每篇報告、論文選取3~8個詞作爲關鍵詞，以顯著的字符另起一行，排在摘要的左方.如有可能，儘量用《漢語主題詞表》等詞表提供的規範詞.爲了國際交流，應標註與中文對應的英文關鍵詞.關鍵詞是主題詞中的一類.主題詞是一種新型檢索詞彙，多用於計算機網絡檢索.關鍵詞分爲中文關鍵詞和與之對應的英文關鍵詞，分別置於中文摘要和英文摘要之下.爲便於他人的檢索，不能使用過於寬泛的詞語.選擇關鍵詞既可以從論文的各級標題入手，也可以從論文本身的內容選取，將選出的關鍵詞按照所涉及領域的範圍從大到小順序列出.。

Non steady state method for determination of thermal properties of materials has become the main means, transient plane heat source method has short test time, can obtain a plurality of thermal parameters and other prominent features. In this paper, transient plane heat source method for measuring thermal conductivity of insulation materials carries out the theoretical analysis and testing technology research.This paper derives the transient plane heat source method for ideal test model of thermal parameters, sensitivity analysis, according to the parameters of sensitivity to determine their estimates of the likelihood of, according to the theoretical model to calculate the physical parameters of the theoretical value, in order to test the improved Gauss method to estimate the parameters of the feasibility and accuracy of. Sensitivity analysis shows that by the heating surface temperature rise curve can be determined by the material heat storage coefficient, temperature rise curve within the specimen can be estimated at the same time heat conduction coefficient and thermal diffusion coefficient.Carry out 3D simulation, verified the system satisfies the one-dimensional heat transfer hypothesis, the test sample in the Z direction to meet the semi-infinite hypothesis, and the initial temperature non uniformity and environmental temperature were made by ANSYS numerical simulation, and the simulation results by the method of parameter estimation of thermal conductivity and the obtained theoretical model comparison, thereby to judge error.Developed insulation material Transient plane heat source method for thermal conductivity test technology standards, including the method principle, device, selection of heating power, sample size design and effective testing time.。