超詳細，英語四級語法知識點總結

英語四級語法知識點有哪些呢？不知道的小夥伴來看看小編今天的分享吧!

1、主動形式

2、被動形式

CET-4 常考的三種時態：過去完成時；將來完成時；（現在/過去）完成進行時。

時間狀語從句當中的時態：

3、不定式

不定式的常考形式：

一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被動形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

語法功能： 表示與謂語動詞同步發生

 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被動形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

語法功能：表示發生在謂語動詞之前

不定式常考的考點：

不定式做定語----將要發生

不定式做狀語----目的

不定式充當名詞功能---To see is to believe.

不定式的省略：

感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do　 表示動作的完整性，真實性；

+ doing 表示動作的連續性，進行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看見他在花園裏幹活了。(強調"我看見了"這個事實)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我見他正在花園裏幹活。（強調"我見他正幹活"這個動作）

感官動詞後面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

使役動詞   have bid make let 等詞後不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動以後要還原to

I ‘d like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.

help   help sb do    help sb to do   help do  help to do

有些動詞後只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect   allow sb to do,  cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do  love to do  warn sb to do  be able to do

be   ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

有的時候to後面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

4、動名詞：具有動作性特徵的名詞

是名詞     seeing is believing

具有動詞性特徵可以帶賓語   starving troops is necessary.

動名詞的形式

一般形式：I don't like you smoking.

完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.

被動形式：This question is far from being settled.

動名詞常考的點

1、動名詞做主語謂語動詞爲單數

2、在動名詞和不定式中,做爲介詞的賓語是動名詞

3、動名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞,通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也對）

I regret not having taken your advice.

4、有些詞後只能接動名詞

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep;  it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說法：

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5、有些詞後加不定式和動名詞均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean後面用不定式和-ing形式，意義截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未來/過去未來的動作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我記得這個動作)

forgot與remember的用法類似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遺憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 爲了"二十年前的離開"而遺憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try –ing 試驗 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父親不讓我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]贈加工資意味着增加購買力。

prefer的用法：

我寧願在這裏等。

I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的話，我就等下去。）

I prefer waiting here.（我正在這裏等，我就喜歡這麼做。）

I prefer swimming to cycling. （這個句子裏面就不能用不定式了。）

5、分詞：

現在分詞主動進行,過去分詞被動狀態

現在分詞的形式

1、一般式:     Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）?      (與謂語動詞同步發生)

2、完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (發生謂語動詞之前)

3、完成被動形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 發生謂語動詞之前且表示被動)

過去分詞

1、過去分詞表示被動：Fight no battle unprepared.

2、過去分詞的進行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (強調正在被做)

這三種非謂語動詞，都可以構成複合結構，非謂語動詞所修飾的成分是這些非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。他們之間的一致關係——主動還是被動，往往就是考點。獨立主格結構中，要注意的是分詞與他前面的邏輯主語之間的主動被動的關係。

情態動詞所表達的可能性程度：must/can't à should/shouldn't à might/may (not)

另外兩個"類情態詞的形式："need/needn't; have to/don't have to

v 最自然的虛擬狀態：由should/would+原型時態（不含時間只含狀態）

本質上是過去將來時：即，時間固定在過去將來，狀態不同：一般、進行、完成、完成進行。

這時"虛擬語氣"的產生往往是因爲我們要表達"本來應該……"（而現在卻還沒有……）

（本來可以……，本來能……）

I should go! (… but I'm still here!) (一般)

I should be working now! (進行)

I should have practiced more (than I did)! (完成)

我應該多多練習！（言下之意，現在我練習得不多。）

I shouldn't dream away my time too much! (完成的否定)

(actually I did dream away my time too much!)

It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time! (完成進行)

I may/might/could have finished! (完成)

一些常見的句型中，就會出現這種虛擬語氣，而處於從句之中，should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由於他們的含義中包含"建議，假設，應該"這類的含義，所以，由他們引起的從句中，就會包含有should+原型時態構成的虛擬語氣。

這些動詞（以及他們的名次形式，分詞形式）引起的從句還有其他的變形：

主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

一些形容詞引起的表語從句中，也會有同樣的情況

由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的從句中多使用should

v 表達與事實相反

與現在相反：使用[過去時]：

I wish I were not here! (一般現在à一般過去)

Suppose we were not here.

He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般現在à一般過去)

Hope I weren't always losing things! (現在進行à過去進行)

If only/If I hadn't been there! (現在完成à過去完成)

What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (現在完成進行à過去完成進行)

常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…

這兩個從句，只能表達對現在的看法，所以，從句中只有一般過去時。

與過去相反：過去完成時；

How nice it is if I had past the test!

How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning!

與將來相反？將來的事情沒有發生，所以只能推測。

If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to stay one day more.

不過，由於可以用be to表示將來；所以，虛擬語氣中經常出現were to；也是CET-4的常考語法點。

虛擬條件句

 if 部分，做一個與事實相反的假設（所以只有一般過去和過去完成）；

主句部分，這是表示基於這個假設的推測，一般使用情態動詞would，少數情況下使用could/might/may。

注意：兩個部分之間，是有邏輯關係，而在兩部分的謂語動詞時態上，沒有必然的聯繫。

注意，虛擬條件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，產生倒裝。

隱含的非真實條件

What would you do with 50 thousand dollar?

How could I be happy without you?

除了條件狀語從句之外，原因狀語從句也會出現虛擬語氣。

由in order that, so that引起的從句，肯定的時候可以使用may/might; can/could; 否定的時候，多用shouldn't;

whoever, whatever, no matter what引起的從句中，多用may+