震的英文怎麼寫

原文：地震是指岩石圈在內力作用下脫然發生破裂，地球內能以地震波的形式強烈釋放出來，從而引起一定範圍內地面震動的現象。

發生地震的原因很多，根據地震的成因，可以把地震分爲以下幾種： 1.構造地震 由於地下深處岩層錯動、破裂所造成的地震稱爲構造地震。這類地震發生的次數最多，破壞力也最大，約佔全世界地震的90%以上。

2.火山地震 由於火山作用，如岩漿活動等引起的地震稱爲火山地震。只有在火山活動區纔可能發生火山地震，這類地震只佔全世界地震的7%左右。

3.塌陷地震 由於地下巖洞或礦井頂部塌陷而引起的地震稱爲塌陷地震。這類地震的規模比較小，次數也很少，即使有，也往往發生在溶洞密佈的石灰岩地區或大規模地下開採的礦區。

4.誘發地震 由於水庫蓄水、油田注水等活動而引發的地震稱爲誘發地震。這類地震僅僅在某些特定的水庫庫區或油田地區發生。

5.人工地震 地下核爆炸、炸藥爆破等人爲引起的地面振動稱爲人工地震。 人工地震是由人爲活動引起的地震。

如工業爆破、地下核爆炸造成的振動；在深井中進行高壓注水以及大水庫蓄水後增加了地殼的壓力，有時也會誘發地震。 地震發生時，最基本的現象是地面的連續振動，主要是明顯的晃動。

在震區的人在感到大的晃動之前，有時首先感到上下跳動。這是因爲地震波從地下向地面傳來，縱波首先到達的緣故。

橫波接着產生大振幅的水平方向的晃動，是造成地震災害的主要原因。 地震對自然界景觀產生很大影響，最主要的後果是地面出現斷層和地裂縫。

大地震的地表斷層常綿延幾十至幾百千米，往往具有較明顯的垂直錯距和水平錯距，能反映出震源處的構造變動特徵。但並不是所有的地表斷裂都直接與震源的運動相聯繫，它們也可能是由於地震波造成的次生影響。

特別是地表沉積層較厚的地區，坡地邊緣、河岸和道路兩旁常出現地裂縫，這往往是由於地形因素，在一側沒有依託的條件下晃動使表土鬆垮和崩裂。地震的晃動使表土下沉，淺層的地下水受擠壓會沿地裂縫上升至地表，形成噴沙冒水現象。

大地震能使局部地形改觀，或隆起，或沉降。使城鄉道路坼裂、鐵軌扭曲、橋樑折斷。

在現代化城市中，由於地下管道破裂和電纜被切斷造成停水、停電和通訊受阻。煤氣、有毒氣體和放射性物質泄漏可導致火災和毒物、放射性污染等次生災害。

在山區，地震還能引起山崩和滑坡，常造成掩埋村鎮的慘劇。崩塌的山石堵塞江河，在上游形成地震湖。

英語翻譯：Earthquake refers to the lithosphere in internal force descend from natural fracture, the earth in the form of seismic waves can strongly released, resulting in a certain range ground vibration phenomenon.The earthquake many reasons, according to the genesis of earthquakes, can put divided into the following several earthquake:1. Structural earthquakeDue to the deep underground strata rupture, by the collapse of the earthquake as structural earthquake. This kind of earthquake the most times, damaging the largest, accounts for about more than 90 percent of the world earthquake.Volcanic earthquake 2.Due to volcanic action, like the magma activity caused earthquake known as the volcano earthquake. Only in volcanic area can occur volcanic earthquake, this kind of earthquake accounts for only 7% of the world earthquake.Earthquake collapse 3.Due to the underground caves or mines top subsidence caused by the earthquake known as the collapse of earthquake. This kind of earthquake relatively small size, number are also few, although have, also often occur in cave cloudy limestone region or large-scale underground mining of mining area.Induce earthquake 4.Because of the initial impoundment of the reservoir and activities such as injection water caused by earthquake known as the induced earthquake. This kind of earthquake only in certain reservoir or oilfield area happen.Artificial earthquake 5.Underground nuclear explosion, explosives are caused by artificial ground vibration called artificial earthquake. Artificial earthquake is caused by human activities of earthquake. Such as industrial, underground nuclear explosion caused by blasting vibration, In deep water in high pressure and large reservoir impounding increased crustal stress, sometimes also can induce earthquake.When an earthquake occurs, the most basic phenomenon is the ground of continuous vibration, mainly is obvious shaking. In the quake area people feel great shaking before, sometimes first feel about beats. This is because seismic waves from underground to ground came that p-wave first reach's sake. S-wave then produce the large amplitude of the horizontal wobble, is the main cause of the earthquake disaster.The earthquake on nature landscape impact, the main consequence is ground faulting and ground fissure. Earthquake ground fault often to several hundred kilometers stretching dozens, 。

The safety of furniture, the air resounds to be hiding. when a shock to strengthen family which, for it everywhere in the wall, hanging down or, to prevent falling down. the inflammable 易爆 and toxic substances in place of safety. clear, let the door open and stairways. fixed furniture, the tall man with the break furniture for items ; to "the most important thing is, light on the parapet. the balcony, flower pots of driftwood to bring down.

把牢固的傢俱下騰空，以備震時藏身。

加固睡牀

準備一個家庭防震包，放在便於取到處

把牆上的懸掛物取下來或固定住、防止掉下來傷人。

把易燃易爆和有毒物品放在安全的地方。

清理雜物，讓門口、樓道暢通。

固定高大傢俱，防止傾倒砸人；傢俱物品擺放做到“重在下、輕在上”。

陽臺護牆要清理，花盆雜物拿下來。

The direct disasters caused by earthquake are:The destruction of buildings and structures, such as houses collapsed, Bridges, DAMS break fall cracking, rails deformation, etc.Ground damage, such as ground fissures, collapse, water-jet emit sand, etc.The destruction of mountain etc natural objects, such as landslide, landslide, etc.Tsunamis, undersea earthquake generated huge waves driven ashore, causing the destruction of coastal areas.Moreover, in some earthquake, and DeGuang burns zoonosis-borne phenomenon.Earthquake directly after disasters, trigger a secondary disasters. Sometimes, secondary disasters caused casualties and losses, is greater than direct disasters. Great kanto earthquake in Japan in 1932, directly by earthquake collapsed homes only 10,000 blocks, and when the earthquake fire is burned 700,000 arena.The earthquake caused secondary disasters are mainly,The fire caused by earthquake fire control,By the dam burst or floods, landslides congestion river caused,Poison gas leaking, by building or device destruction caused by,The plague, the earthquake live environment caused serious damage.A, completes the earthquake prediction.Before the earthquake there is bodeful. Now we know this omens2 are: groundwater, turn a variable muddy flowers, bubble, stale, The chicken &duck pig sheep run monkey; Mice flight, fish in water disorderly jump. This adumbrative crust will bend, fold the wrinkle fracture, is about to happen earthquake. Currently the world any country can accurately forecast the earthquake, China's earthquake prediction can say is a world leading status. Most of the earthquake prediction that can point to an area in a certain period of time is likely to earthquakes. In 1976, before the tangshan earthquake, liaoning province haicheng area has happened above cet 6 earthquake, many times before imminent, the government urged the indoor all placed in earthquake tents, and repeatedly proclaiming know only, the result earthquake casualties reduced to the minimum. Therefore, the key to prevent earthquake prediction timely, preparation, and grasp the earthquake rescue knowledge.Two, make family shockproof plan.In the event of an earthquake, it is possible to make our power supply, water supply, heat supply system, traffic system, the necessities of life supply system, information system, and medical health system was a certain degree of damage, affect people's normal life, so, we should set up a family shockproof plan.First to eliminate indoor high content, the cabinet, suspension gallows vertically items, change its put the position and the way to make the difficult seismic fall hurt. At the same time to remove all flammable and explosive substances. The bed should move to some place far away from the window. The window labeled anti-fog shatterproof strip. Shockproof appliance bag easily grab place. For out of danger. You may only grab an item of time, urgent things in it, it will help you overcome difficulties. These items include cash, drinking water, prevent flu and diarrhea medicines.Three, schools should be done before the earthquake preparation.In schools should popularize shockproof knowledge, the earthquake training school should have shock-proof scheme, and if taking lessons earthquake when, the teacher should immediately give students a simple instructions, lets the student in situ shutting fell on the desk. A region, in a certain period of time could during an earthquake. Family and school often should communicate. Earthquake conditional school should be prepared relief items, such as: emergency medical supplies, cold-resistant rainproof supplies, tools, and according to class or classroom distribution, until the individual hand.If an earthquake happened how to protect myself?Once the earthquake happened, if in the outside, must not near the building, chimney, such as any poles could collapse of tall buildings or trees, leaving the overpass Bridges, roads, to open field is more secure. Earthquakes are caused by population casualties though the scourge, but also is not prevented. If can seize the opportunity, using shockproof knowledge can preserve their like earthquake happened before observed birds, animals, abnormal restless, When the earthquake happened squat down below the table all can mitigate earthquake of the damage. Visible, learning earthquake knowledge is very important.【中文】 地震是地球上主要的自然災害之一。

地球上每天都在發生地震，其中大多數震級較小或發生在海底等偏遠地區，不爲人們所感覺到。但是發生人類活動區強烈地震往往會給人類造成巨大的財產損失和人員傷亡。

通。

monitoring

英 ['mɒnɪtərɪŋ]

美 ['mɔnɪtərɪŋ]

n. 監視，[自] 監控；檢驗，檢查

v. 監視，[通信][軍] 監聽，監督（monitor的ing形式）

[網絡短語]

monitoring 監測，監控，生理監視器

environmental monitoring 環境監測，環境監測，環境監控

Seismic monitoring 地震監測，地動監測，震地監測